在 Alpine Linux 中编译安装 Nginx

本文演示在基于 Docker 的 Alpine Linux 容器中通过源码安装 Nginx。

启动一个 Alpine 的容器

1	docker run -it --name nginx-base alpine /bin/sh

设置国内源

1	echo "https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.8/main/" > /etc/apk/repositories

更新源

1	apk update && apk upgrade

安装 GCC 环境

1	apk add build-base

1	apk add pcre pcre-dev

PCRE - 全称 Perl Compatible Regular Expressions - Perl 兼容的正则表达式（库）。 Nginx 的 Rewrite 功能依赖于该库。

1	apk add openssl openssl-dev

1	apk add zlib zlib-dev

1	apk add git

1	apk add wget

1	apk add curl

构建 Nginx

获取源代码

1	wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.4.tar.gz

解压源文件

1	tar -zxvf nginx-1.19.4.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录，进行编译前的设置

1	cd nginx-1.19.4

1	./configure

系统显示类似以下的结果

.....
checking for PCRE library ... found
checking for PCRE JIT support ... found
checking for zlib library ... found
creating objs/Makefile

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

执行 make, 进行构建

make

完成后，可以看到系统有类似以下的显示:

.....
objs/src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_zone_module.o \
objs/ngx_modules.o \
-lpcre -lz \
-Wl,-E
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \
        -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \
        -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \
        -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \
        < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8
make[1]: Leaving directory '/nginx-1.19.4'

安装

1	make install

系统显示

.....
cp conf/uwsgi_params \
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params' \
        || cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
cp conf/scgi_params \
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' \
        || cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
        || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/nginx-1.19.4'

可以看到，编译好的 nginx 被安装在 /usr/local/nginx 目录中。

设置路径

打开 /etc/profile 文件，在最后加入

1	export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin

为了让修改生效，执行:

1	source /etc/profile

启动 nginx

在命令行执行:

nginx

然后执行:

ps -a

如果在系统反馈中看到 nginx, 则说明 nginx 已经编译成功，并能正常启动了。

PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /bin/sh
 2975 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx
 2976 nobody    0:00 nginx: worker process
 2977 root      0:00 ps -a

现在可以使用 curl 来测试一下, 执行:

1	curl http://localhost

可以看到 nginx 返回了nginx的默认网页。